Windows下使用mingw32编译Python扩展py-bcrypt及使用patch文件备忘

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项目在Windows下构建，某个密码哈希加密模块使用了 py-bcrypt ，可惜的是官方只提供了C语言源代码，没有现成的Windows二进制包，我还翻阅了《Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages》也没找到现成的包，当然这个对于Linux系统不成问题，按部就班的安装就OK啦，可是Windows下遇到了些麻烦，比如 error: Setup script exited with error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat 错误，于是我采用mingw32进行编译，当然如果你的电脑上没有安装mingw32，可以参考下面的步骤， [来源] ：

1. 点击这里下载最新版本的MinGW，并安装。

2. 设置PATH环境变量，比如你装在 C:\MinGW 路径下，你需要在PATH环境变量中添加 C:\MinGW\bin 路径。

完成上面两步后切换到项目路径，然后运行命令 python setup.py install build --compiler=mingw32 ，本来以为一切顺利，结果偏偏报 cc1.exe: error: unrecognized command line option '-mno-cygwin' 错误：

running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
creating py_bcrypt.egg-info
writing py_bcrypt.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to py_bcrypt.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to py_bcrypt.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing manifest file 'py_bcrypt.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest file 'py_bcrypt.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
writing manifest file 'py_bcrypt.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
installing library code to build\bdist.win-amd64\egg
running install_lib
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-2.7
creating build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\bcrypt
copying bcrypt\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\bcrypt
running build_ext
building 'bcrypt._bcrypt' extension
creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7
creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release
creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt
D:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe -mno-cygwin -mdll -O -Wall -ID:\Python27\include -ID:\Pytho
n27\PC -c bcrypt/bcrypt_python.c -o build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcry
pt_python.o
cc1.exe: error: unrecognized command line option '-mno-cygwin'
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

搜索了网络，找到这么篇求助《mingw32编译安装Python第三方库失败，:unrecognized command line option '-mno-cygwin'》，得知-mno-cygwin参数已经不被新版本的gcc支持了，所以需要修改源代码移除这个参数：

如果你的Python27装在C盘的，那么可以打开 C:\Python27\Lib\distutils\cygwinccompiler.py 文件，然后找到大概322行左右下面一段：

self.set_executables(compiler='gcc -mno-cygwin -O -Wall',
     compiler_so='gcc -mno-cygwin -mdll -O -Wall',
     compiler_cxx='g++ -mno-cygwin -O -Wall',
     linker_exe='gcc -mno-cygwin',
     linker_so='%s -mno-cygwin %s %s'
        % (self.linker_dll, shared_option,
           entry_point))

删除所有的 -mno-cygwin 字符串，然后保存。

好了，接下来可以继续了，重复刚才的安装命令，但是我又想错了，编译py-bcrypt出现下面的错误提示：

running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing py_bcrypt.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to py_bcrypt.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to py_bcrypt.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
reading manifest file 'py_bcrypt.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
writing manifest file 'py_bcrypt.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
installing library code to build\bdist.win-amd64\egg
running install_lib
running build_py
running build_ext
building 'bcrypt._bcrypt' extension
D:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe -mdll -O -Wall -ID:\Python27\include -ID:\Python27\PC -c bc
rypt/bcrypt_python.c -o build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o
bcrypt/bcrypt_python.c:29:26: error: unknown type name 'u_int8_t'
bcrypt/bcrypt_python.c:29:38: error: unknown type name 'u_int16_t'
bcrypt/bcrypt_python.c:29:49: error: unknown type name 'u_int8_t'
bcrypt/bcrypt_python.c: In function 'bcrypt_encode_salt':
bcrypt/bcrypt_python.c:56:2: warning: implicit declaration of function 'encode_s
alt' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

重点是形如 unknown type name 'u_int8_t' 的错误，Windows SDK环境下没有定义这个类型，最后在stackoverflow的这篇求助《py-bcrypt installing on win 7 64bit python》找到了答案，为了能够在Windows下编译，我们还需要打一个Patch，我们可以到这里下载这个Patch。

问题又来了：Windows下如何打这个Patch呢？幸好我们可以找到Python下的一个实用脚本python-patch ，下载后可以重命名为 patch.py 并保存到 C:\Python27\Scripts (假设Python安装在C盘)下，然后运行形如命令 C:\Python27\Scripts\patch.py file1.patch 来打patch，注意这里的file1.patch是你刚才下载的patch文件。

打好patch后，让我们再次执行刚才的编译安装命令，结果依旧失败：

running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing py_bcrypt.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to py_bcrypt.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to py_bcrypt.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
reading manifest file 'py_bcrypt.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
writing manifest file 'py_bcrypt.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
installing library code to build\bdist.win-amd64\egg
running install_lib
running build_py
running build_ext
building 'bcrypt._bcrypt' extension
D:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe -mdll -O -Wall -ID:\Python27\include -ID:\Python27\PC -c bc
rypt/bcrypt_python.c -o build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o
bcrypt/bcrypt_python.c: In function 'bcrypt_encode_salt':
bcrypt/bcrypt_python.c:56:2: warning: pointer targets in passing argument 2 of '
encode_salt' differ in signedness [-Wpointer-sign]
bcrypt/bcrypt_python.c:29:6: note: expected 'u_int8_t *' but argument is of type
 'char *'
D:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe -mdll -O -Wall -ID:\Python27\include -ID:\Python27\PC -c bc
rypt/blowfish.c -o build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\blowfish.o
D:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe -mdll -O -Wall -ID:\Python27\include -ID:\Python27\PC -c bc
rypt/bcrypt.c -o build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt.o
writing build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\_bcrypt.def
D:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe -shared -s build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_p
ython.o build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\blowfish.o build\temp.win-amd64-
2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt.o build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\_bcrypt.def
-LD:\Python27\libs -LD:\Python27\PCbuild\amd64 -lpython27 -lmsvcr90 -o build\lib
.win-amd64-2.7\bcrypt\_bcrypt.pyd
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x5b): undefined reference to `_imp__PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x73): undefined reference to `_imp__PyExc_ValueError'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x7e): undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_SetString'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x9e): undefined reference to `_imp__PyExc_ValueError'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
xa9): undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_SetString'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
xdc): undefined reference to `_imp__PyString_FromString'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x134): undefined reference to `_imp__PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x15e): undefined reference to `_imp__PyEval_SaveThread'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x177): undefined reference to `_imp__PyEval_RestoreThread'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x1b0): undefined reference to `_imp__PyExc_ValueError'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x1bb): undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_SetString'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x1cb): undefined reference to `_imp__PyString_FromString'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x20a): undefined reference to `_imp__Py_InitModule4'
build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\bcrypt\bcrypt_python.o:bcrypt_python.c:(.text+0
x223): undefined reference to `_imp__PyModule_AddStringConstant'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

这次出现大量的 undefined reference to 错误，搜索网络，然后设置C:\Python27\libs到环境变量中，错误依旧，然后我就怀疑是否和我的64位Windows 7和64位Python 27有关系了，结果还真是这个原因，最后还是使用微软的MSVC编译成功的，关于详细步骤可以参考下一篇文章。